Peptide Library

Research trends

Peptide research trends

Publications per year and how fast they are growing. The latest year is partial, so growth compares the same months of each year, next to all of PubMed for scale. These are research trends, not consumer interest: for what people look up in the app, see Peptide Trends.
Automated weekly refresh (not editorially reviewed) · data through November 1, 2026 · version weekly-2026-11-01

Growth

Publications so far this year

4,685

4,685 peptide publications appeared so far this year.

Year to date

Definition

Data through November 1, 2026, version weekly-2026-11-01.

Publication growth, year to date

+23.0%

Peptide publications changed by +23.0% compared with the same months last year.

4,685 vs. 3,808 in the same period a year earlier

Year to date

Definition

Data through November 1, 2026, version weekly-2026-11-01.

All of PubMed, growth year to date

+0.7%

All of PubMed changed by +0.7% over the same months.

1,402,099 vs. 1,392,268 in the same period a year earlier

Year to date · Whole months only

Definition

Data through November 1, 2026, version weekly-2026-11-01.

Average yearly growth over ten years

6.6%

Peptide publications grew by an average of 6.6% a year over ten years.

2,413 in 2015 → 4,554 in 2025

Definition

Data through November 1, 2026, version weekly-2026-11-01.

All of PubMed, average yearly growth over ten years

4.3%

All of PubMed grew by an average of 4.3% a year over the same ten years.

1,096,547 in 2015 → 1,671,067 in 2025

Definition

Data through November 1, 2026, version weekly-2026-11-01.

Publications in the same months of each year

Counted publications from January 1 to the cutoff's month and day, every year.

2000: 1,4972001: 1,4692002: 1,5262003: 1,5662004: 1,5802005: 1,6572006: 1,6932007: 1,6372008: 1,6452009: 1,6802010: 1,8352011: 1,8122012: 1,9942013: 2,0492014: 2,0212015: 2,0942016: 2,1092017: 2,1202018: 2,1552019: 2,1362020: 2,2952021: 2,3782022: 2,2662023: 2,4472024: 2,9912025: 3,8082026: 4,68502,0004,0006,00020002006201220182026

Every bar covers the same part of the year, so the latest year can be compared with earlier ones.

Source: Peptide Library Research Intelligence Center · Automated weekly refresh, data through November 1, 2026

Show the data
Publications in the same months of each year
YearPublications
20001,497
20011,469
20021,526
20031,566
20041,580
20051,657
20061,693
20071,637
20081,645
20091,680
20101,835
20111,812
20121,994
20132,049
20142,021
20152,094
20162,109
20172,120
20182,155
20192,136
20202,295
20212,378
20222,266
20232,447
20242,991
20253,808
20264,685
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Peptide research publications by year

Counted PubMed publications about indexed library peptides, by year of first publication.

2000: 1,6312001: 1,5892002: 1,6672003: 1,7062004: 1,7832005: 1,8302006: 1,8752007: 1,8342008: 1,8632009: 1,9382010: 2,0682011: 2,0732012: 2,2872013: 2,3302014: 2,3482015: 2,4132016: 2,4572017: 2,4592018: 2,4892019: 2,4992020: 2,6712021: 2,7322022: 2,6782023: 2,8802024: 3,5482025: 4,5542026 (to date): 4,68502,0004,0006,00020002006201220182026*

Each bar is one year. The last bar covers January 1 to the cutoff date only, so it is not comparable with full years; the year-to-date chart compares like with like. * 2026 runs to November 1, 2026.

Source: Peptide Library Research Intelligence Center · Automated weekly refresh, data through November 1, 2026

Show the data
Peptide research publications by year
YearPublications
20001,631
20011,589
20021,667
20031,706
20041,783
20051,830
20061,875
20071,834
20081,863
20091,938
20102,068
20112,073
20122,287
20132,330
20142,348
20152,413
20162,457
20172,459
20182,489
20192,499
20202,671
20212,732
20222,678
20232,880
20243,548
20254,554
2026 (to date)4,685
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Fastest growing

Year to date against the same months last year, among peptides and areas with at least 30 publications in the earlier period.

Fastest growing peptides
#PeptideChangeThis year to dateSame period last year
1Tirzepatide+79.0%947529
2Pegcetacoplan+54.3%5435
3Semaglutide+51.5%1,6441,085
4Retatrutide+51.4%5637
5Lixisenatide+31.4%4635
6Elamipretide (SS-31)+30.6%4736
7Dulaglutide+29.6%175135
8MOTS-C+28.1%4132
9Teriparatide+27.3%168132
10Exenatide+24.9%221177
11Desmopressin+23.3%11190
12Octreotide+19.8%157131
13Bivalirudin+16.7%4942
14Orexin-A+15.7%9683
15Liraglutide+14.3%471412

Year-to-date growth in counted publications per peptide (same months both years), among peptides with at least the minimum count in the earlier period. Definition

Fastest growing research areas
#Research areaChangeThis year to dateSame period last year
1Obesity and weight management+56.6%1,253800
2Metabolic health+47.8%1,9871,344
3Tissue repair+37.5%275200
4Cognitive health+36.5%13196
5Cardiovascular+34.0%785586
6Gastrointestinal+32.9%557419
7Endocrinology+29.6%1,261973
8Immune system+28.3%431336
9Dermatology+28.1%164128
10Musculoskeletal+24.0%413333
11Neurological and mental health+22.0%809663
12Antimicrobial and infectious disease+13.2%172152
13Longevity and aging+12.9%149132
14Reproductive and sexual health+5.1%372354
15Oncology+1.9%326320

Year-to-date growth in counted publications per research category (MeSH-based; a paper can be in several), among categories with at least the minimum count in the earlier period. Definition

Research areas

Peptide research by research area

Counted publications per research category (from MeSH major topics).

Endocrinology: 18,030Metabolic health: 16,213Neurological and mental health: 12,715Cardiovascular: 9,613Oncology: 8,911Reproductive and sexual health: 8,487Gastrointestinal: 7,905Musculoskeletal: 6,453Immune system: 5,950Obesity and weight management: 5,338Antimicrobial and infectious disease: 3,950Tissue repair: 3,376Dermatology: 2,249Longevity and aging: 1,682Cognitive health: 1,586Endocrinology18,030Metabolic health16,213Neurological and…12,715Cardiovascular9,613Oncology8,911Reproductive and…8,487Gastrointestinal7,905Musculoskeletal6,453Immune system5,950Obesity and weigh…5,338Antimicrobial and…3,950Tissue repair3,376Dermatology2,249Longevity and agi…1,682Cognitive health1,586

A publication can be in several areas, so the bars overlap and should not be added up.

Source: Peptide Library Research Intelligence Center · Automated weekly refresh, data through November 1, 2026

Show the data
Peptide research by research area
ItemPublications
Endocrinology18,030
Metabolic health16,213
Neurological and mental health12,715
Cardiovascular9,613
Oncology8,911
Reproductive and sexual health8,487
Gastrointestinal7,905
Musculoskeletal6,453
Immune system5,950
Obesity and weight management5,338
Antimicrobial and infectious disease3,950
Tissue repair3,376
Dermatology2,249
Longevity and aging1,682
Cognitive health1,586
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Publications by research area
#Research areaPublications
1Endocrinology18,030
2Metabolic health16,213
3Neurological and mental health12,715
4Cardiovascular9,613
5Oncology8,911
6Reproductive and sexual health8,487
7Gastrointestinal7,905
8Musculoskeletal6,453
9Immune system5,950
10Obesity and weight management5,338
11Antimicrobial and infectious disease3,950
12Tissue repair3,376
13Dermatology2,249
14Longevity and aging1,682
15Cognitive health1,586

Counted publications in the window per research category. Categories overlap, so they are never added up. Definition

GLP-1 receptor agonists

GLP-1 agonist publications

14,944

14,944 publications concern GLP-1 receptor agonists.

Definition

Data through November 1, 2026, version weekly-2026-11-01.

GLP-1 agonists, share of all peptide publications

23.0%

GLP-1 receptor agonists account for 23.0% of peptide publications.

14,944 of 64,887

Definition

Data through November 1, 2026, version weekly-2026-11-01.

GLP-1 agonist publication growth, year to date

+38.3%

GLP-1 agonist publications changed by +38.3% compared with the same months last year.

2,584 vs. 1,868 in the same period a year earlier

Year to date

Definition

Data through November 1, 2026, version weekly-2026-11-01.

GLP-1 receptor agonist research by year

Counted publications about GLP-1 group peptides, by year.

2000, Human clinical research: 1 of 112000, Animal studies: 9 of 112000, In vitro studies: 1 of 112001, Human clinical research: 1 of 152001, Reviews and meta-analyses: 2 of 152001, Animal studies: 10 of 152001, In vitro studies: 2 of 152002, Human clinical research: 6 of 352002, Reviews and meta-analyses: 2 of 352002, Animal studies: 20 of 352002, In vitro studies: 5 of 352002, Commentary and other: 2 of 352003, Human clinical research: 5 of 352003, Reviews and meta-analyses: 7 of 352003, Animal studies: 16 of 352003, In vitro studies: 4 of 352003, Commentary and other: 3 of 352004, Human clinical research: 8 of 432004, Reviews and meta-analyses: 16 of 432004, Animal studies: 13 of 432004, In vitro studies: 4 of 432004, Commentary and other: 2 of 432005, Human clinical research: 13 of 772005, Reviews and meta-analyses: 19 of 772005, Animal studies: 24 of 772005, In vitro studies: 5 of 772005, Commentary and other: 15 of 772005, Not yet classified: 1 of 772006, Human clinical research: 14 of 1082006, Reviews and meta-analyses: 43 of 1082006, Animal studies: 27 of 1082006, In vitro studies: 5 of 1082006, Computational studies: 2 of 1082006, Commentary and other: 15 of 1082006, Not yet classified: 2 of 1082007, Human clinical research: 20 of 1282007, Reviews and meta-analyses: 43 of 1282007, Animal studies: 36 of 1282007, In vitro studies: 9 of 1282007, Commentary and other: 18 of 1282007, Not yet classified: 2 of 1282008, Human clinical research: 35 of 1542008, Reviews and meta-analyses: 45 of 1542008, Animal studies: 48 of 1542008, In vitro studies: 5 of 1542008, Commentary and other: 18 of 1542008, Not yet classified: 3 of 1542009, Human clinical research: 46 of 1902009, Reviews and meta-analyses: 58 of 1902009, Animal studies: 57 of 1902009, In vitro studies: 6 of 1902009, Computational studies: 1 of 1902009, Commentary and other: 19 of 1902009, Not yet classified: 3 of 1902010, Human clinical research: 61 of 2602010, Reviews and meta-analyses: 72 of 2602010, Animal studies: 73 of 2602010, In vitro studies: 20 of 2602010, Computational studies: 3 of 2602010, Commentary and other: 30 of 2602010, Not yet classified: 1 of 2602011, Human clinical research: 90 of 2882011, Reviews and meta-analyses: 74 of 2882011, Animal studies: 80 of 2882011, In vitro studies: 22 of 2882011, Computational studies: 3 of 2882011, Commentary and other: 16 of 2882011, Not yet classified: 3 of 2882012, Human clinical research: 114 of 3762012, Reviews and meta-analyses: 84 of 3762012, Animal studies: 120 of 3762012, In vitro studies: 21 of 3762012, Computational studies: 10 of 3762012, Commentary and other: 22 of 3762012, Not yet classified: 5 of 3762013, Human clinical research: 118 of 3902013, Reviews and meta-analyses: 75 of 3902013, Animal studies: 137 of 3902013, In vitro studies: 31 of 3902013, Computational studies: 2 of 3902013, Commentary and other: 26 of 3902013, Not yet classified: 1 of 3902014, Human clinical research: 137 of 4472014, Reviews and meta-analyses: 76 of 4472014, Animal studies: 165 of 4472014, In vitro studies: 30 of 4472014, Computational studies: 15 of 4472014, Commentary and other: 20 of 4472014, Not yet classified: 4 of 4472015, Human clinical research: 161 of 5032015, Reviews and meta-analyses: 82 of 5032015, Animal studies: 185 of 5032015, In vitro studies: 24 of 5032015, Computational studies: 7 of 5032015, Commentary and other: 43 of 5032015, Not yet classified: 1 of 5032016, Human clinical research: 181 of 5532016, Reviews and meta-analyses: 114 of 5532016, Animal studies: 160 of 5532016, In vitro studies: 42 of 5532016, Computational studies: 5 of 5532016, Commentary and other: 50 of 5532016, Not yet classified: 1 of 5532017, Human clinical research: 193 of 5862017, Reviews and meta-analyses: 113 of 5862017, Animal studies: 164 of 5862017, In vitro studies: 26 of 5862017, Computational studies: 13 of 5862017, Commentary and other: 76 of 5862017, Not yet classified: 1 of 5862018, Human clinical research: 210 of 5972018, Reviews and meta-analyses: 121 of 5972018, Animal studies: 174 of 5972018, In vitro studies: 43 of 5972018, Computational studies: 15 of 5972018, Commentary and other: 33 of 5972018, Not yet classified: 1 of 5972019, Human clinical research: 229 of 6312019, Reviews and meta-analyses: 82 of 6312019, Animal studies: 196 of 6312019, In vitro studies: 47 of 6312019, Computational studies: 17 of 6312019, Commentary and other: 59 of 6312019, Not yet classified: 1 of 6312020, Human clinical research: 230 of 6582020, Reviews and meta-analyses: 111 of 6582020, Animal studies: 212 of 6582020, In vitro studies: 47 of 6582020, Computational studies: 13 of 6582020, Commentary and other: 45 of 6582021, Human clinical research: 266 of 7372021, Reviews and meta-analyses: 139 of 7372021, Animal studies: 191 of 7372021, In vitro studies: 44 of 7372021, Computational studies: 16 of 7372021, Commentary and other: 79 of 7372021, Not yet classified: 2 of 7372022, Human clinical research: 274 of 7432022, Reviews and meta-analyses: 153 of 7432022, Animal studies: 179 of 7432022, In vitro studies: 42 of 7432022, Computational studies: 25 of 7432022, Commentary and other: 68 of 7432022, Not yet classified: 2 of 7432023, Human clinical research: 368 of 9592023, Reviews and meta-analyses: 201 of 9592023, Animal studies: 202 of 9592023, In vitro studies: 30 of 9592023, Computational studies: 31 of 9592023, Commentary and other: 120 of 9592023, Not yet classified: 7 of 9592024, Human clinical research: 596 of 1,4962024, Reviews and meta-analyses: 331 of 1,4962024, Animal studies: 255 of 1,4962024, In vitro studies: 48 of 1,4962024, Computational studies: 22 of 1,4962024, Commentary and other: 236 of 1,4962024, Not yet classified: 8 of 1,4962025, Human clinical research: 913 of 2,2202025, Reviews and meta-analyses: 478 of 2,2202025, Animal studies: 334 of 2,2202025, In vitro studies: 56 of 2,2202025, Computational studies: 44 of 2,2202025, Commentary and other: 366 of 2,2202025, Not yet classified: 29 of 2,2202026 (to date), Human clinical research: 1,095 of 2,5512026 (to date), Reviews and meta-analyses: 704 of 2,5512026 (to date), Animal studies: 308 of 2,5512026 (to date), In vitro studies: 75 of 2,5512026 (to date), Computational studies: 58 of 2,5512026 (to date), Commentary and other: 286 of 2,5512026 (to date), Not yet classified: 25 of 2,551Human clinical researchReviews and meta-analysesAnimal studiesIn vitro studiesComputational studiesCommentary and otherNot yet classified01,0002,0003,00020002006201220182026*

Each bar splits a year's GLP-1 agonist publications by evidence class. The last year is partial. * 2026 runs to November 1, 2026.

Source: Peptide Library Research Intelligence Center · Automated weekly refresh, data through November 1, 2026

Show the data
GLP-1 receptor agonist research by year
YearHuman clinical researchReviews and meta-analysesAnimal studiesIn vitro studiesComputational studiesCommentary and otherNot yet classifiedTotal
2000109100011
20011210200015
20026220502035
20035716403035
200481613402043
20051319245015177
200614432752152108
200720433690182128
200835454850183154
200946585761193190
2010617273203301260
2011907480223163288
2012114841202110225376
201311875137312261390
2014137761653015204447
201516182185247431503
2016181114160425501553
20171931131642613761586
20182101211744315331597
2019229821964717591631
20202301112124713450658
20212661391914416792737
20222741531794225682743
202336820120230311207959
2024596331255482223681,496
20259134783345644366292,220
2026 (to date)1,0957043087558286252,551
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Registered trials

Registered clinical trials

4,968

4,968 clinical trials registered on ClinicalTrials.gov test a library peptide.

Definition

Data through November 1, 2026, version weekly-2026-11-01.

Registered peptide clinical trials by year

ClinicalTrials.gov registrations listing an indexed peptide, by year first posted.

2000: 62001: 192002: 242003: 402004: 532005: 1382006: 1182007: 1452008: 2002009: 1662010: 1642011: 1952012: 2542013: 2012014: 2372015: 2222016: 2512017: 2072018: 2142019: 2462020: 1952021: 2352022: 2172023: 2592024: 2792025: 3172026 (to date): 351010020030040020002006201220182026*

A registration is a plan, not a result: many registered trials have not published results. * 2026 runs to November 1, 2026.

Source: Peptide Library Research Intelligence Center · Automated weekly refresh, data through November 1, 2026

Show the data
Registered peptide clinical trials by year
YearTrials
20006
200119
200224
200340
200453
2005138
2006118
2007145
2008200
2009166
2010164
2011195
2012254
2013201
2014237
2015222
2016251
2017207
2018214
2019246
2020195
2021235
2022217
2023259
2024279
2025317
2026 (to date)351
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Where it is published

Share of publications that are open access

51.3%

51.3% of peptide publications are open access.

33,298 of 64,887

Definition

Data through November 1, 2026, version weekly-2026-11-01.

Journals publishing the most peptide research

Counted publications per journal in the analysis window.

Diabetes, obesity & metabolism: 981The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism: 884PloS one: 597Peptides: 516Cureus: 486Scientific reports: 468International journal of molecular sciences: 457Frontiers in endocrinology: 430Endocrinology: 397The New England journal of medicine: 367European journal of endocrinology: 329Diabetes care: 311Clinical endocrinology: 310Fertility and sterility: 305Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences: 300Diabetes, obesity…981The Journal of cl…884PloS one597Peptides516Cureus486Scientific reports468International jou…457Frontiers in endo…430Endocrinology397The New England j…367European journal…329Diabetes care311Clinical endocrin…310Fertility and ste…305Annals of the New…300

Top 25 journals by counted publications.

Source: Peptide Library Research Intelligence Center · Automated weekly refresh, data through November 1, 2026

Show the data
Journals publishing the most peptide research
ItemPublications
Diabetes, obesity & metabolism981
The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism884
PloS one597
Peptides516
Cureus486
Scientific reports468
International journal of molecular sciences457
Frontiers in endocrinology430
Endocrinology397
The New England journal of medicine367
European journal of endocrinology329
Diabetes care311
Clinical endocrinology310
Fertility and sterility305
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences300
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Open-access share of peptide research

Counted publications that are open access, by year, among those with a known status.

2000: 21.9%2001: 22.3%2002: 21.4%2003: 21.9%2004: 22.5%2005: 24.8%2006: 25.0%2007: 29.2%2008: 36.2%2009: 37.6%2010: 38.9%2011: 40.7%2012: 44.9%2013: 47.7%2014: 48.8%2015: 52.4%2016: 55.2%2017: 58.0%2018: 58.5%2019: 61.7%2020: 63.5%2021: 68.4%2022: 72.1%2023: 73.9%2024: 72.2%2025: 70.6%2026: 68.7%0%25%50%75%100%20002006201220182026*

The line is the share of each year's publications that anyone can read for free. * 2026 runs to November 1, 2026.

Source: Peptide Library Research Intelligence Center · Automated weekly refresh, data through November 1, 2026

Show the data
Open-access share of peptide research
YearOpen access
200021.9%
200122.3%
200221.4%
200321.9%
200422.5%
200524.8%
200625.0%
200729.2%
200836.2%
200937.6%
201038.9%
201140.7%
201244.9%
201347.7%
201448.8%
201552.4%
201655.2%
201758.0%
201858.5%
201961.7%
202063.5%
202168.4%
202272.1%
202373.9%
202472.2%
202570.6%
2026 (to date)68.7%
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