Peptide LibraryPinealon
Also known as: Glu-Asp-Arg, EDR, Pineal bioregulator
Pinealon (also called Glu-Asp-Arg or EDR) is a khavinson pineal tripeptide in the Short Peptide Bioregulator class. Pinealon is Glu-Asp-Arg, a synthetic tripeptide in the Khavinson series associated with brain and pineal tissue.
For research use only.
Key Facts
- CAS
- 175337-90-3
- Molecular Weight (MW)
- 450.41 g/mol
- Half-life
- Not established in humans
- FDA status
- Not Approved
- Evidence level
- Insufficient Evidence
- Human dose established
- No
- Administration Route
- Not established in humans
- Frequency
- Not established in humans
- Last updated
- Nov 7, 2026
- Reviewed
- Nov 7, 2026
- Targets
- CNS / pineal (proposed)
Vendor price snapshot
Each vendor counts once, at the median price per mg of its own listings; the typical range is the middle half of vendors. From public vendor listings collected between Oct 2026 and Nov 2026, so confirm the live price on the vendor site. Peptide Library does not sell peptides.
- Vendors listing this peptide
- 27
- Listed offers
- 39
- Median price per mg (peptide vials)
- $3.74/mg
- Typical $3.29–$4.36/mg
By form
Each form is priced on its own: a price per mg doesn't make a spray or a capsule equivalent to a vial.
- Peptide vials25 vendors · median $3.74/mg
- Sprays, route not stated2 vendors · $2.75–$5.73/mg
Research summary
Glu-Asp-Arg tripeptide from the Khavinson pineal series, studied for neuroprotection in older literature. Not FDA-approved.
Research evidence
- Regulatory review (FDA label)None in reviewed sources
- Controlled human trialsNone in reviewed sources
- Early or uncontrolled human studies1 reviewed source
- Lab & animal studiesNone in reviewed sources
How it works
Each step shows whether the sources Peptide Library has reviewed include that kind of research. Counts are reviewed sources, not every study ever published. Reviews and programme summaries that describe human use are shown as "reported", not as trials, and registered trials without published results are listed but not counted. A higher step means research has progressed further; it does not mean a compound works better or is safer. Compounds whose evidence has not been reviewed yet show "Not reviewed" instead of a guess.
Peptide Library's Pinealon profile summarises 5 cited studies listed in the Science section, the compound's regulatory status, and research-protocol parameters reported for it. It is a research reference, not medical advice.
Pinealon dosage: no established human dose
Pinealon has no established human dosage. No trial of it is registered on ClinicalTrials.gov, and the only indexed human publication is a 2012 Russian report on truck drivers in which pinealon was given together with another peptide; the indexed record states no dose.
No established human dosage.
Human clinical evidence: None identified.
Preclinical research: Pinealon is a short synthetic peptide from the Russian bioregulator research group that also developed epitalon. Its literature is mostly cell and rodent work from that group. The single indexed human report combines it with another peptide and gives no dose, so nothing here establishes a human dose, route or interval.
Animal dosing is not converted into a human dose anywhere on this page. Where research figures appear below, they are reported as studied, not recommended.
| Human dosing established | No |
|---|---|
| Route | Not established in humans |
| Evidence level | Insufficient Evidence |
| Last reviewed | 2026-11-07 |
Human research reported
Doses as studied, one row per regimen. Different trials used different regimens; they are listed separately rather than averaged.
| Study / context | Population | Dose | Route | Frequency | Duration | Outcome studied | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Occupational study in professional truck drivers (2012)Clinical trial · Observational clinical report, Russian-language publication | Male truck drivers, with metal craftsmen as a comparison group (n=300) | Not stated in the indexed record | Not stated in the indexed record | — | — | Psychoemotional and stress-resistance measures; the best effect was reported for pinealon combined with vesugen | The peptide correction of neurotic disorders among professional truck-drivers. Adv Gerontol. 2012. |
Where sources disagree
- Daily protocols for pinealon are widely published, but no registered trial or indexed human study reports a dose for it.
- In the one human report, pinealon was given with vesugen, so any effect cannot be attributed to pinealon alone.
Reconstitution
Common research vial sizes: 10 mg, 20 mg.
| Vial | Bacteriostatic water | Concentration | Per 0.01 mL |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10 mg | 2 mL | 5 mg/mL | 50 mcg per 0.01 mL |
| 20 mg | 2 mL | 10 mg/mL | 100 mcg per 0.01 mL |
These figures are arithmetic only — they convert a vial and a volume into a concentration. They are not a recommendation to take any dose.
Calculate reconstitution & dose →Sequence & molecular data
| Amino acid sequence | Glu-Asp-Arg (EDR) |
|---|---|
| Molecular formula | C15H26N6O8 |
| Molecular weight | 450.41 g/mol |
| CAS number | 175337-90-3 |
| Half-life | Not established in humans |
| Appearance | White lyophilized powder (research) |
| Formulation | Lyophilized Powder |
| PubChem CID | 10273502 |
Identifiers link to the public PubChem, FDA Substance Registration (UNII), ChEMBL and DrugBank records for the same entity.
Science
Mechanism of Action
Pinealon is Glu-Asp-Arg, a synthetic tripeptide in the Khavinson series associated with brain and pineal tissue. It is among the more studied members of the series, with reports that it penetrates cell nuclei and influences expression of genes involved in antioxidant defence, and that it reduces markers of oxidative neuronal injury in models of hypoxia and prenatal stress. It has also been linked to normalisation of melatonin rhythm. The work originates largely from one group and is published mainly in Russian-language journals; large randomised trials have not been conducted and no receptor-mediated pathway has been demonstrated.
Origin
Synthetic Glu-Asp-Arg.
Targets
Studies
- Role of Mono- and Divalent Ions in Peptide Glu-Asp-Arg-DNA Interaction
- Therapeutic Peptides in Orthopaedics: Applications, Challenges, and Future Directions
- [Pinealon and Cortexin influence on behavior and neurochemical processes in 18-month aged rats within hypoxia and hypothermia]
- [Regulation of content of cytokines in blood serum and of caspase-3 activity in brains of old rats in model of sharp hypoxic hypoxia with Cortexin and Pinealon]
- [Prospects for use of short peptides in pharmacotherapeutic correction of Alzheimer's disease.]
Research statistics
22 PubMed publications · 22.7% human clinical research · 0 registered trials
Counts of published research through 2026-11-01, not evidence that it works. Publications by year, study types and trials · How publications are counted
Regulatory & research status
Pinealon is not an FDA-approved product. It is sold for laboratory research and has no approved medical use.
| FDA status | Not Approved |
|---|---|
| Availability | Research-Only |
| WADA (sport) | Unknown / Not Listed |
| Library classification | Research-Only |
How FDA approval, compounding and research-only status differ
Benefits
Pinealon side effects
Pinealon has no controlled human safety data. The effects below are reported, not established, and absence from the list is not evidence of safety.
Side Effects
- Not well characterized
Storage & stability
Lyophilized (freeze-dried) peptide powder is far more stable than the reconstituted solution. Keep sealed vials cold, dry and away from light; long-term storage is typically frozen, with short-term refrigeration for vials in use.
Once reconstituted in bacteriostatic water, keep the solution refrigerated, avoid repeated freeze–thaw cycles and agitation, and label the vial with the reconstitution date and concentration. Discard any solution that turns cloudy or shows particulates.
Degradation rates differ by sequence: peptides containing methionine, cysteine, asparagine or glutamine are more prone to oxidation and deamidation, so shelf life after reconstitution is compound-specific rather than universal.
Read the full guide: how to store peptides before and after reconstitution →
Source: Manning MC, Chou DK, Murphy BM, Payne RW, Katayama DS. Stability of protein pharmaceuticals: an update. Pharm Res. 2010;27(4):544–575. (PMID 20143256). General guidance for research handling; not product-specific instructions.
Pinealon: frequently asked questions
What is Pinealon?
Glu-Asp-Arg tripeptide from the Khavinson pineal series, studied for neuroprotection in older literature. Not FDA-approved.
What are the side effects of Pinealon?
Pinealon has no controlled human safety data, so its side-effect profile is not well established. No specific adverse effects are well documented. This is reference information, not medical advice.
How does Pinealon work?
Pinealon is Glu-Asp-Arg, a synthetic tripeptide in the Khavinson series associated with brain and pineal tissue. It is among the more studied members of the series, with reports that it penetrates cell nuclei and influences expression of genes involved in antioxidant defence, and that it reduces markers of oxidative neuronal injury in models of hypoxia and prenatal stress.
Is Pinealon FDA approved?
No. Pinealon is not approved by the FDA for any indication and is categorised as research-only. It has not been reviewed for safety or efficacy as a medicine, and published research should be read as investigation rather than established use.
What is the half-life of Pinealon?
Reported half-life for Pinealon is Not established in humans. Half-life describes how long the compound persists in circulation, not how long any effect lasts, and published figures vary with route of administration, formulation and the population studied.
What is the amino acid sequence of Pinealon?
Pinealon has the sequence Glu-Asp-Arg (EDR), giving a chain of 3 amino acids. Its molecular formula is C15H26N6O8.
What peptides are similar to Pinealon?
Compounds most often compared with Pinealon include Epitalon, Klotho, FOXO4-DRI and NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide). They are grouped by shared mechanism or research area rather than by equivalence, and their regulatory status and evidence base differ.
References
- Role of Mono- and Divalent Ions in Peptide Glu-Asp-Arg-DNA Interaction — J Phys Chem B, 2019External reference
- Therapeutic Peptides in Orthopaedics: Applications, Challenges, and Future Directions — J Am Acad Orthop Surg Glob Res Rev, 2026External reference
- [Pinealon and Cortexin influence on behavior and neurochemical processes in 18-month aged rats within hypoxia and hypothermia] — Adv Gerontol, 2015External reference
- [Regulation of content of cytokines in blood serum and of caspase-3 activity in brains of old rats in model of sharp hypoxic hypoxia with Cortexin and Pinealon] — Adv Gerontol, 2014External reference
- [Prospects for use of short peptides in pharmacotherapeutic correction of Alzheimer's disease.] — Adv Gerontol, 2024External reference
Related research, comparisons & guides
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Compiled by Peptide Library Editorial · Reviewed Aug 30, 2026 · Updated Nov 7, 2026 · Version 4
This Pinealon profile is compiled from published literature (5 cited studies linked above), public regulatory records and chemical registries. It describes what research reports; it is not medical advice, and nothing here is a dosing recommendation for humans. Peptide Library does not sell peptides. Editorial policy · How profiles are compiled · Report an error
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