Peptide LibraryOxyntomodulin
Oxyntomodulin is a glucagon receptor agonist in the GLP-1 Agonist class. Oxyntomodulin is produced from proglucagon in intestinal L cells and comprises the glucagon sequence plus an eight-residue C-terminal extension.
For research use only.
Key Facts
- CAS
- 62340-29-8
- Molecular Weight (MW)
- 4422 g/mol
- Half-life
- —
- FDA status
- Not Approved
- Evidence level
- Limited Human Evidence
- Human dose established
- No
- Administration Route
- Not established in humans
- Frequency
- Not established in humans
- Last updated
- Nov 7, 2026
- Reviewed
- Nov 7, 2026
Research summary
Naturally occurring 37-amino-acid gut hormone that activates both GLP-1 and glucagon receptors. It is the endogenous template for the dual-agonist drug class and is studied rather than marketed. Not FDA-approved.
Research evidence
- Regulatory review (FDA label)None in reviewed sources
- Controlled human trials4 reviewed sources
- Early or uncontrolled human studiesNone in reviewed sources
- Lab & animal studiesNone in reviewed sources
How it works
Each step shows whether the sources Peptide Library has reviewed include that kind of research. Counts are reviewed sources, not every study ever published. Reviews and programme summaries that describe human use are shown as "reported", not as trials, and registered trials without published results are listed but not counted. A higher step means research has progressed further; it does not mean a compound works better or is safer. Compounds whose evidence has not been reviewed yet show "Not reviewed" instead of a guess.
Peptide Library's Oxyntomodulin profile summarises 5 cited studies listed in the Science section, the compound's regulatory status, and research-protocol parameters reported for it. It is a research reference, not medical advice.
Oxyntomodulin dosage: no established human dose
Oxyntomodulin has no established human dosage. It is a natural gut hormone, and the human evidence is a handful of small experimental studies: intravenous infusions of 3.0 pmol/kg per minute in healthy volunteers, and self-injected doses under the skin three times a day before meals for 4 days or 4 weeks in people with overweight or obesity. The indexed abstracts of the injection studies do not give the amount injected.
No established human dosage.
Human clinical evidence: None identified.
Preclinical research: Oxyntomodulin is a peptide hormone made from proglucagon in the gut that acts on both the GLP-1 and glucagon receptors. People have received it only in small experimental studies: brief intravenous infusions in volunteers, and self-injections under the skin before meals for up to 4 weeks. These studies measured appetite, food intake, energy expenditure and short-term weight change; none tested a dose for treatment, and no oxyntomodulin product has been approved.
Animal dosing is not converted into a human dose anywhere on this page. Where research figures appear below, they are reported as studied, not recommended.
| Human dosing established | No |
|---|---|
| Route | Not established; studied as an intravenous infusion and as subcutaneous injections |
| Evidence level | Limited Human Evidence |
| Last reviewed | 2026-11-07 |
Human research reported
Doses as studied, one row per regimen. Different trials used different regimens; they are listed separately rather than averaged.
| Study / context | Population | Dose | Route | Frequency | Duration | Outcome studied | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intravenous infusion study (Cohen et al., 2003)Clinical trial · Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study | Healthy volunteers (n=13) | 3.0 pmol/kg per minute | Intravenous infusion | Single infusion per study visit | Acute (crossover visits) | Food intake at a buffet meal 19.3% lower than with saline; less hunger; no nausea | Oxyntomodulin suppresses appetite and reduces food intake in humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003. |
| Subcutaneous injection, 4 weeks (Wynne et al., 2005)Clinical trial · Randomized, double-blind, parallel-group controlled trial | Healthy overweight and obese volunteers (n not stated in the indexed abstract) | Not stated in the indexed abstract | Subcutaneous | Three times daily, 30 minutes before each meal | 4 weeks | Body weight fell 2.3 kg against 0.5 kg with saline | Subcutaneous oxyntomodulin reduces body weight in overweight and obese subjects: a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial. Diabetes. 2005. |
| Subcutaneous injection, 4 days (Wynne et al., 2006)Clinical trial · Randomized, double-blind, controlled crossover trial | Overweight and obese men and women (n=15) | Not stated in the indexed abstract | Subcutaneous | Three times daily before meals | 4 days | Energy intake at a study meal 17.3% lower; activity-related energy expenditure 26.2% higher | Oxyntomodulin increases energy expenditure in addition to decreasing energy intake in overweight and obese humans: a randomised controlled trial. Int J Obes (Lond). 2006. |
| Infusion comparison with GLP-1 and glucagon (2015)Clinical trial · Double-blind, randomized crossover study | Healthy young men (n=15) | 3 pmol/kg per minute | Intravenous infusion | Single infusion per study visit | 4-hour meal tests | Food intake fell by a similar amount with oxyntomodulin, GLP-1, glucagon and glucagon plus GLP-1; resting energy expenditure did not change | Effect of Oxyntomodulin, Glucagon, GLP-1, and Combined Glucagon+GLP-1 Infusion on Food Intake, Appetite, and Resting Energy Expenditure. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2015. |
Where sources disagree
- The infusion dose of 3 pmol/kg per minute is a research rate for a few hours in a clinic. It is not an injectable dose and does not convert into one.
- Engineered dual GLP-1 and glucagon agonists such as cotadutide, survodutide and pemvidutide are different molecules. Their trial doses are not evidence for oxyntomodulin, and oxyntomodulin's studies are not evidence for them.
Sequence & molecular data
| Molecular formula | C192H295N59O60S |
|---|---|
| Molecular weight | 4422 g/mol |
| CAS number | 62340-29-8 |
| PubChem CID | 16144019 |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL2401865 |
Identifiers link to the public PubChem, FDA Substance Registration (UNII), ChEMBL and DrugBank records for the same entity.
Science
Mechanism of Action
Oxyntomodulin is produced from proglucagon in intestinal L cells and comprises the glucagon sequence plus an eight-residue C-terminal extension. It is a relatively weak agonist at both the GLP-1 and glucagon receptors compared with the native ligand of each, but engaging both simultaneously combines GLP-1-mediated appetite suppression and insulin secretion with glucagon-mediated increases in energy expenditure. This combination is the pharmacological rationale behind engineered dual agonists such as cotadutide and survodutide.
Studies
- Emerging roles of oxyntomodulin-based glucagon-like peptide-1/glucagon co-agonist analogs in diabetes and obesity
- Unraveling oxyntomodulin, GLP1's enigmatic brother
- Proglucagon-derived peptides: human physiology and therapeutic potential
- Gut hormones and appetite regulation
- Physiological Appetite Regulation and Bariatric Surgery
Research statistics
301 PubMed publications · 19.1% human clinical research · 4 registered trials
Counts of published research through 2026-11-01, not evidence that it works. Publications by year, study types and trials · How publications are counted
Regulatory & research status
Oxyntomodulin is not an FDA-approved product. It is sold for laboratory research and has no approved medical use.
| FDA status | Not Approved |
|---|---|
| Research status | Research-only compound; no approval pathway listed |
| Availability | Research-Only |
| WADA (sport) | Unknown / Not Listed |
| Library classification | Research-Only |
How FDA approval, compounding and research-only status differ
Benefits
—
Oxyntomodulin side effects
No side effects listed yet for this entry.
Storage & stability
This compound is not supplied as a powder to be mixed, so the freeze-dried powder and reconstitution handling described for research peptides does not apply. Storage conditions are product-specific: follow the label or packaging of the product itself.
Oxyntomodulin: frequently asked questions
What is Oxyntomodulin?
Naturally occurring 37-amino-acid gut hormone that activates both GLP-1 and glucagon receptors. It is the endogenous template for the dual-agonist drug class and is studied rather than marketed. Not FDA-approved.
How does Oxyntomodulin work?
Oxyntomodulin is produced from proglucagon in intestinal L cells and comprises the glucagon sequence plus an eight-residue C-terminal extension. It is a relatively weak agonist at both the GLP-1 and glucagon receptors compared with the native ligand of each, but engaging both simultaneously combines GLP-1-mediated appetite suppression and insulin secretion with glucagon-mediated increases in energy expenditure.
Is Oxyntomodulin FDA approved?
No. Oxyntomodulin is not approved by the FDA for any indication and is categorised as research-only. It has not been reviewed for safety or efficacy as a medicine, and published research should be read as investigation rather than established use.
What peptides are similar to Oxyntomodulin?
Compounds most often compared with Oxyntomodulin include Retatrutide, Survodutide, Pemvidutide and Cotadutide. They are grouped by shared mechanism or research area rather than by equivalence, and their regulatory status and evidence base differ.
References
- Emerging roles of oxyntomodulin-based glucagon-like peptide-1/glucagon co-agonist analogs in diabetes and obesity — Peptides, 2023External reference
- Unraveling oxyntomodulin, GLP1's enigmatic brother — J Endocrinol, 2012External reference
- Proglucagon-derived peptides: human physiology and therapeutic potential — Physiol Rev, 2026External reference
- Gut hormones and appetite regulation — Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes, 2024External reference
- Physiological Appetite Regulation and Bariatric Surgery — J Clin Med, 2024External reference
Related research, comparisons & guides
Related peptides
Compiled by Peptide Library Editorial · Reviewed Aug 30, 2026 · Updated Nov 7, 2026 · Version 2
This Oxyntomodulin profile is compiled from published literature (5 cited studies linked above), public regulatory records and chemical registries. It describes what research reports; it is not medical advice, and nothing here is a dosing recommendation for humans. Peptide Library does not sell peptides. Editorial policy · How profiles are compiled · Report an error
Track Oxyntomodulin research, inventory and reconstitution in the free Peptide Library app. Get the app for iOS or Android →