Peptide LibraryBPC-157
Also known as: Body Protection Compound 157, PL 14736, Bepecin
BPC-157 (also called Body Protection Compound 157 or PL 14736) is a research peptide in the Wound Healing / Cytoprotective class. Preclinical work reports angiogenesis, nitric-oxide modulation, and growth-factor (VEGFR2, FAK) signaling that may support tendon, muscle, and gut mucosal healing in animals.
For research use only.
Key Facts
- CAS
- 137525-51-0
- Molecular Weight (MW)
- 1419.5 g/mol
- Half-life
- Not established in humans
- FDA status
- Not Approved
- FDA compounding lists
- 503A nomination withdrawn
- Evidence level
- Limited Human Evidence
- Human dose established
- No
- Administration Route
- Not established in humans
- Frequency
- Not established in humans
- Last updated
- Oct 30, 2026
- Reviewed
- Oct 30, 2026
- Targets
- VEGFR2 / FAK pathwaysNitric oxide systemGI mucosa
Vendor price snapshot
Each vendor counts once, at the median price per mg of its own listings; the typical range is the middle half of vendors. From public vendor listings collected between Dec 2025 and Nov 2026, so confirm the live price on the vendor site. Peptide Library does not sell peptides.
- Vendors listing this peptide
- 47
- Listed offers
- 162
- Median price per mg (peptide vials)
- $5.00/mg
- Typical $4.40–$6.00/mg
By form
Each form is priced on its own: a price per mg doesn't make a spray or a capsule equivalent to a vial.
- Peptide vials43 vendors · median $5.00/mg
- Oral sprays1 vendor
- Sprays, route not stated10 vendors · median $5.23/mg
- Capsules19 vendors · median $3.50/mg
- Tablets4 vendors · median $4.16/mg
- Other forms2 vendors · $160.00/mg
Research summary
Synthetic gastric pentadecapeptide widely sold as a research chemical for tissue-repair models. Not FDA-approved. FDA lists it among bulk substances nominated for compounding and then withdrawn, and FDA staff's May 2026 briefing proposed not adding it to the 503A Bulks List, citing limited safety and effectiveness data. WADA prohibits BPC-157 under S0.
Research evidence
- Regulatory review (FDA label)None in reviewed sources
- Controlled human trials2 reviewed sources
- Early or uncontrolled human studies3 reviewed sources
- Lab & animal studies3 reviewed sources
How it works
Each step shows whether the sources Peptide Library has reviewed include that kind of research. Counts are reviewed sources, not every study ever published. Reviews and programme summaries that describe human use are shown as "reported", not as trials, and registered trials without published results are listed but not counted. A higher step means research has progressed further; it does not mean a compound works better or is safer. Compounds whose evidence has not been reviewed yet show "Not reviewed" instead of a guess.
Peptide Library's BPC-157 profile summarises 5 cited studies listed in the Science section, the compound's regulatory status, and research-protocol parameters reported for it. It is a research reference, not medical advice.
BPC-157 dosage: no established human dose
BPC-157 has no established human dosage. FDA's May 2026 briefing lists five small human studies, and none used the oral, subcutaneous, nasal or transdermal routes proposed for compounding. The only controlled data are two rectal enema studies, each reported only in meeting abstracts: a phase 1 tolerability study in healthy subjects and a two-week randomized, placebo-controlled trial in ulcerative colitis, whose data FDA calls inadequate to support efficacy or safety. Three uncontrolled reports, on knee pain, interstitial cystitis and intravenous infusion in 2 people, add only limited, mostly self-reported data. Two registered trials, an oral phase 1 study with unknown status and a phase 2 hamstring-injury trial that is still recruiting, have published no results.
No established human dosage.
Human clinical evidence: None identified.
Preclinical research: BPC-157 has roughly 217 indexed publications, overwhelmingly rodent work on gastrointestinal, tendon, ligament and wound healing, and a large share originates from a small number of collaborating research groups. That literature establishes activity in those animal models. It does not establish a human dose, and animal dosing is not converted into a human equivalent anywhere on this page.
Animal dosing is not converted into a human dose anywhere on this page. Where research figures appear below, they are reported as studied, not recommended.
| Human dosing established | No |
|---|---|
| Route | Not established in humans · Rectal enema (two small studies reported as abstracts) · Intra-articular (one uncontrolled chart review) · Intravesical (one uncontrolled chart review) · Intravenous (one pilot study in 2 people) |
| Evidence level | Limited Human Evidence |
| Last reviewed | 2026-10-30 |
Human research reported
Doses as studied, one row per regimen. Different trials used different regimens; they are listed separately rather than averaged.
| Study / context | Population | Dose | Route | Frequency | Duration | Outcome studied | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ruenzi et al. 2005 — phase 2 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, meeting abstract onlyClinical trial · Multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial; meeting abstract only | Subjects with mild to moderate ulcerative colitis (n=53 randomized, 46 completed) | 80 mg PL 14736 enema or placebo | Rectal enema | Once daily | 2 weeks | Mean Disease Activity Index change was -3.2 points with BPC-157 and -1.6 with placebo, an estimated difference of 1.6 points (95% CI -4.84 to 1.62); the interval includes zero. FDA calls the data inadequate to support efficacy or safety: the abstract is the only report, and it lacks details of the endpoint, inclusion criteria, statistical methods and post-treatment follow-up. | Ruenzi M, et al. A Multicenter, Randomized, Double Blind, Placebo-Controlled Phase II Study of PL 14736 Enema in the Treatment of Mild-to-Moderate Ulcerative Colitis. Gastroenterology. 2005;128:A584 (meeting abstract, as reviewed in FDA's briefing document of May 11, 2026). |
| Veljaca et al. 2002 and 2003 — placebo-controlled phase 1 tolerability and pharmacokinetics study, meeting abstracts onlyClinical trial · Placebo-controlled phase 1 tolerability and pharmacokinetics study; meeting abstracts only | Healthy subjects (n=32 randomized, 24 received BPC-157) | 0.25, 0.5, 1 or 2 mg/kg PL 14736 enema or placebo | Rectal enema | One dose, then once daily for 7 days after a one-week washout | About 2 weeks including the washout | A study of tolerability in healthy subjects, so it cannot show whether BPC-157 works. The abstracts report no significant adverse events attributed to treatment; headache and flatulence were the most frequent, with no obvious difference from placebo. BPC-157 was not detected in plasma, or was mostly below the assay's limit. FDA notes that the authors gave limited safety information. | Veljaca M, et al. Safety, Tolerability and Pharmacokinetics of PL 14736, a Novel Agent for Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis, in Healthy Male Volunteers. Gut. 2003;51:A309 (meeting abstract, with a 2002 IUPHAR-GI abstract; as reviewed in FDA's briefing document of May 11, 2026). |
| Lee and Padgett 2021 — retrospective single-clinic chart review, uncontrolledClinical trial · Retrospective single-clinic chart review with phone follow-up; uncontrolled | Patients with knee pain of mixed causes (n=16 reached by phone of 17 treated; 12 received BPC-157 alone, 4 with thymosin beta-4) | 4 mg alone, or 2 to 4 mg with thymosin beta-4 | Intra-articular | One injection; 2 patients had a repeat after re-injury | Follow-up varied; most injections were 6 months to 1 year before the survey | By phone survey, 11 of 12 patients given BPC-157 alone reported improved knee pain, and 7 of those 12 reported that relief lasted 6 months to 1 year. With thymosin beta-4, 3 of 4 improved (14 of 16 overall). The paper reports no adverse events. There was no control group, patients paid for treatment, causes of pain differed, only 4 of 16 had an MRI, and outcomes were subjective with no objective testing. | Lee E, Padgett B. Intra-Articular Injection of BPC 157 for Multiple Types of Knee Pain. Altern Ther Health Med. 2021;27(4):8-13. |
| Lee et al. 2024 — retrospective single-clinic chart review, uncontrolledClinical trial · Retrospective single-clinic chart review of one treated group; uncontrolled | Women with moderate to severe interstitial cystitis who had not responded to pentosan polysulfate (n=12) | 10 mg total: 1 mg into each of 10 bladder wall sites | Intravesical | Single procedure | Cystoscopy at 6 weeks; most patients surveyed 4 to 6 months after treatment | On a self-rated Global Response Assessment, 10 of 12 women reported complete symptom resolution and 2 of 12 reported 80% improvement, with no adverse events reported. There was no control group, patients paid for treatment, and the authors note the small sample, the lack of a sham control and the absence of biopsies. | Lee E, Walker C, Ayadi B. Effect of BPC-157 on Symptoms in Patients with Interstitial Cystitis: A Pilot Study. Altern Ther Health Med. 2024;30(10):12-17. |
| Lee and Burgess 2025 — single-group pilot safety study, uncontrolledClinical trial · Single-group pilot safety study; uncontrolled | Relatively healthy adults aged 58 and 68 (n=2), both with earlier intravenous BPC-157 use | 10 mg on day 1, then 20 mg on day 2, each infused over 1 hour | Intravenous | Once daily for 2 days | 2 days of infusion; last check 24 hours after the second | The authors report no side effects and no meaningful change in vital signs or blood tests, apart from a small creatine kinase rise they call clinically insignificant. The paper concludes that this showed safety, but 2 self-paying participants who had already used it, no control group and follow-up ending 24 hours after the second infusion are too little to establish safety. | Lee E, Burgess K. Safety of Intravenous Infusion of BPC157 in Humans: A Pilot Study. Altern Ther Health Med. 2025;31(5):20-24. |
| NCT02637284 — phase 1, status unknown, no resultsClinical trial · Phase 1 safety and PK trial; registry status "unknown", no results posted | Healthy volunteers (n=42) | 1 mg, 3 mg or 6 mg as oral tablets (Bepecin / PCO-02), single ascending dose | Oral | Single dose (phase 1a) | Single dose, then a repeat-dose phase | Safety and pharmacokinetics | NCT02637284 — PCO-02 Safety and Pharmacokinetics Trial |
| NCT07437547 — phase 2, recruiting, no resultsClinical trial · Registered phase 2 randomised placebo-controlled trial, recruiting | Adults with acute hamstring muscle strain (planned n=120) | Not disclosed | Subcutaneous | Once daily | 14 days | Hamstring muscle strain repair | NCT07437547 — BPC 157 for Acute Hamstring Muscle Strain Repair |
Preclinical and analog research
Not human dosing evidence. Listed for completeness and never extrapolated to a human dose.
| Study / context | Population | Dose | Route | Frequency | Duration | Outcome studied | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Preclinical — literature and patent reviewPreclinical · Preclinical literature and patent review | Rodent models | Model-specific; not convertible to a human dose | Varies by model | — | — | Gastrointestinal, tendon, ligament and wound healing | Multifunctionality and Possible Medical Application of the BPC 157 Peptide — Literature and Patent Review. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2025. |
| Systematic review — orthopaedic sports medicinePreclinical · Systematic review | Studies reviewed were preclinical | No human dose identified by the review | Varies by model | — | — | Musculoskeletal healing | Emerging Use of BPC-157 in Orthopaedic Sports Medicine: A Systematic Review. HSS J. 2025. |
| He et al. 2022 — rat and dog pharmacokinetics studyPreclinical · Preclinical pharmacokinetic study | Rats and beagle dogs | Model-specific; not convertible to a human dose | Intravenous and intramuscular | — | — | Elimination half-life was under 30 minutes in both species; after a single intravenous dose it averaged 15.2 minutes in rats and 5.27 minutes in dogs. These are animal figures and do not give a human half-life. | Pharmacokinetics, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of body-protective compound 157, a potential drug for treating various wounds, in rats and dogs. Front Pharmacol. 2022. |
Where sources disagree
- Vendor documentation, peptide reference sites and earlier versions of this profile commonly publish 250–500 mcg subcutaneously, once to three times daily. No published human study reports that dose, that route or that frequency for BPC-157, and no primary source for the figure could be identified.
- The only registered trial that discloses a dose used 1–6 mg by mouth, not micrograms by injection. Oral and subcutaneous dosing are not interchangeable, and that trial has published no results and is listed with unknown status.
- BPC-157 is frequently described as "well tolerated" in secondary sources. The abstracts and the three uncontrolled reports describe no serious adverse events, but FDA describes the studies as short and small, with limited safety information and monitoring that is unclear for most of them, and concludes there is insufficient clinical safety information to characterize its safety profile.
- Summaries of the knee chart review quote either 7 of 12 or 11 of 12. The paper reports both: 11 of 12 patients given BPC-157 alone improved, and 7 of those 12 reported relief lasting 6 months to 1 year.
- Earlier versions of this profile and other sites give a human half-life of about 30 minutes to 4 hours. FDA found no information to assess BPC-157's pharmacokinetics in humans; the half-lives it cites come from rats and dogs (He et al. 2022), and animal figures do not convert to a human value.
- FDA's page dated April 22, 2026 lists BPC-157 among substances nominated for compounding and then withdrawn, and FDA evaluated it on its own initiative. Its May 2026 staff proposal not to add BPC-157 to the 503A Bulks List concerns compounding, not drug approval, and covered ulcerative colitis only. The advisory committee took up the question on July 23, 2026; FDA adds a substance to the list through rulemaking.
Reconstitution
Common research vial sizes: 5 mg, 10 mg.
| Vial | Bacteriostatic water | Concentration | Per 0.01 mL |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5 mg | 2 mL | 2.5 mg/mL | 25 mcg per 0.01 mL |
| 10 mg | 2 mL | 5 mg/mL | 50 mcg per 0.01 mL |
These figures are arithmetic only — they convert a vial and a volume into a concentration. They are not a recommendation to take any dose.
Calculate reconstitution & dose →Handling & administration
- Reconstitution Guide
- 3 mL BAC water for 5 mg vial
- Concentration Example
- 5 mg / 3 mL = ~1.67 mg/mL
- Timing Notes
- Morning, midday, and evening
How to reconstitute BPC-157
- Check the vial size and diluent volume. The profile example for BPC-157 is: 3 mL BAC water for 5 mg vial.
- Swab both vial stoppers and draw the bacteriostatic water into a sterile syringe.
- Add the water slowly down the inside wall of the peptide vial so it does not jet onto the powder, then swirl gently until the solution is clear. Do not shake.
- Record the resulting concentration: 5 mg / 3 mL = ~1.67 mg/mL.
- Label the vial with the date and concentration, refrigerate it (see Storage & stability below), and use the calculator preset to convert a dose in mcg into syringe units.
Sequence & molecular data
| Amino acid sequence | Gly-Glu-Pro-Pro-Pro-Gly-Lys-Pro-Ala-Asp-Asp-Ala-Gly-Leu-Val |
|---|---|
| Molecular formula | C62H98N16O22 |
| Molecular weight | 1419.5 g/mol |
| CAS number | 137525-51-0 |
| Half-life | Not established in humans |
| Appearance | White lyophilized powder |
| Formulation | Lyophilized Powder |
| PubChem CID | 9941957 |
| FDA UNII | 8ED8NXK95P |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL4297358 |
| DrugBank | DB11882 |
Identifiers link to the public PubChem, FDA Substance Registration (UNII), ChEMBL and DrugBank records for the same entity.
Science
Mechanism of Action
Preclinical work reports angiogenesis, nitric-oxide modulation, and growth-factor (VEGFR2, FAK) signaling that may support tendon, muscle, and gut mucosal healing in animals. Robust randomized human efficacy data are lacking.
Origin
Partial sequence of human gastric juice protein BPC.
Targets
Studies
- Multifunctionality and Possible Medical Application of the BPC 157 Peptide-Literature and Patent Review
- Emerging Use of BPC-157 in Orthopaedic Sports Medicine: A Systematic Review
- Regeneration or Risk? A Narrative Review of BPC-157 for Musculoskeletal Healing
- Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 and Intestinal Anastomoses Therapy in Rats-A Review
- Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 and the central nervous system
Research statistics
228 PubMed publications · 1.8% human clinical research · 3 registered trials
Counts of published research through 2026-11-01, not evidence that it works. Publications by year, study types and trials · How publications are counted · Human evidence quality, claim by claim
Regulatory & research status
BPC-157 is not an FDA-approved product. It is sold for laboratory research and has no approved medical use.
| FDA status | Not Approved |
|---|---|
| Availability | Research-Only |
| WADA (sport) | Banned in Sport |
| Library classification | Research-Only |
FDA compounding status
These FDA lists track substances nominated for use in pharmacy compounding. Being on a list is not FDA approval and doesn't mean a product is safe or effective.
| 503A nomination | Previously in Category 2; nomination withdrawn by the nominators FDA source |
|---|
- May 11, 2026: FDA staff evaluation weighed against adding it to the 503A bulks list. FDA source
- July 23, 2026: On the agenda of FDA's Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee. FDA source
FDA list dated April 22, 2026.
How FDA approval, compounding and research-only status differ
Benefits
BPC-157 side effects
BPC-157 has only limited human data, so the list below is incomplete and its side-effect profile is not well established.
Side Effects
- Injection site irritation
- Nausea (rare)
- Fatigue (rare)
Contraindications
- Active cancer
- Pregnancy
Stacking
Common stacking partners
Combinations that include BPC-157, with the proposed rationale, an evidence grade and what is not established, are catalogued in the peptide stacks directory.
Storage & stability
Lyophilized (freeze-dried) peptide powder is far more stable than the reconstituted solution. Keep sealed vials cold, dry and away from light; long-term storage is typically frozen, with short-term refrigeration for vials in use.
Once reconstituted in bacteriostatic water, keep the solution refrigerated, avoid repeated freeze–thaw cycles and agitation, and label the vial with the reconstitution date and concentration. Discard any solution that turns cloudy or shows particulates.
Degradation rates differ by sequence: peptides containing methionine, cysteine, asparagine or glutamine are more prone to oxidation and deamidation, so shelf life after reconstitution is compound-specific rather than universal.
Read the full guide: how to store peptides before and after reconstitution →
Source: Manning MC, Chou DK, Murphy BM, Payne RW, Katayama DS. Stability of protein pharmaceuticals: an update. Pharm Res. 2010;27(4):544–575. (PMID 20143256). General guidance for research handling; not product-specific instructions.
BPC-157: frequently asked questions
What is BPC-157?
Synthetic gastric pentadecapeptide widely sold as a research chemical for tissue-repair models. Not FDA-approved. FDA lists it among bulk substances nominated for compounding and then withdrawn, and FDA staff's May 2026 briefing proposed not adding it to the 503A Bulks List, citing limited safety and effectiveness data. WADA prohibits BPC-157 under S0. Preclinical work reports angiogenesis, nitric-oxide modulation, and growth-factor (VEGFR2, FAK) signaling that may support tendon, muscle, and gut mucosal healing in animals. Robust randomized human efficacy data are lacking.
What are the side effects of BPC-157?
BPC-157 has only limited human data, so its side-effect profile is not well established. Effects recorded on this profile include injection site irritation, nausea (rare) and fatigue (rare). Cautions recorded on this profile: active cancer and pregnancy. It is on the WADA Prohibited List for athletes. This is reference information, not medical advice.
How does BPC-157 work?
Preclinical work reports angiogenesis, nitric-oxide modulation, and growth-factor (VEGFR2, FAK) signaling that may support tendon, muscle, and gut mucosal healing in animals. Robust randomized human efficacy data are lacking.
Is BPC-157 FDA approved?
No. BPC-157 is not approved by the FDA for any indication and is categorised as research-only. FDA staff reviewed the published evidence in 2026 for the 503A compounding list, not as a drug application, and proposed not adding it. Published research should be read as investigation rather than established use. FDA's compounding lists show 503A nomination: Previously in Category 2; nomination withdrawn by the nominators.
What is the half-life of BPC-157?
BPC-157 has no established human half-life: FDA's 2026 review found no information to assess its pharmacokinetics in humans. In an animal study (He et al. 2022, Front Pharmacol), the elimination half-life was under 30 minutes, averaging 15.2 minutes in rats and 5.27 minutes in dogs after a single intravenous dose. Animal figures do not convert to a human value.
What is the amino acid sequence of BPC-157?
BPC-157 has the sequence Gly-Glu-Pro-Pro-Pro-Gly-Lys-Pro-Ala-Asp-Asp-Ala-Gly-Leu-Val, giving a chain of 15 amino acids. Its molecular formula is C62H98N16O22.
Is BPC-157 banned in sport?
BPC-157 is recorded here as prohibited in sport. Athletes subject to anti-doping rules should check the current WADA Prohibited List directly, since it is revised annually and classifications change.
How long does BPC-157 take to show effects in research protocols?
No onset time is established for BPC-157 in humans. The human studies are small and mostly uncontrolled, and the one randomized trial, in ulcerative colitis, is known only from a meeting abstract and showed no clear difference from placebo after two weeks of treatment.
Where is BPC-157 administered in research protocols?
Published human studies gave BPC-157 as a rectal enema, into the knee joint, into the bladder wall or by intravenous infusion. FDA's 2026 review found no human study using the oral, subcutaneous, nasal or transdermal routes, so there are no studied subcutaneous sites to report. This describes research conditions and is not guidance for use.
References
- USADA — BPC-157 prohibited (S0)External reference
- WADA Prohibited List 2026External reference
- Multifunctionality and Possible Medical Application of the BPC 157 Peptide-Literature and Patent Review — Pharmaceuticals (Basel), 2025External reference
- Emerging Use of BPC-157 in Orthopaedic Sports Medicine: A Systematic Review — HSS J, 2025External reference
- Regeneration or Risk? A Narrative Review of BPC-157 for Musculoskeletal Healing — Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med, 2025External reference
- Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 and Intestinal Anastomoses Therapy in Rats-A Review — Pharmaceuticals (Basel), 2024External reference
- Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 and the central nervous system — Neural Regen Res, 2022External reference
- FDA briefing document: BPC-157-related bulk drug substances, Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee, July 23-24, 2026External reference
- FDA: Certain Bulk Drug Substances for Use in Compounding that May Present Significant Safety Risks (April 22, 2026)External reference
- Intra-Articular Injection of BPC 157 for Multiple Types of Knee Pain — Altern Ther Health Med, 2021External reference
- Effect of BPC-157 on Symptoms in Patients with Interstitial Cystitis: A Pilot Study — Altern Ther Health Med, 2024External reference
- Safety of Intravenous Infusion of BPC157 in Humans: A Pilot Study — Altern Ther Health Med, 2025External reference
- Pharmacokinetics, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of body-protective compound 157 in rats and dogs — Front Pharmacol, 2022External reference
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Compiled by Peptide Library Editorial · Reviewed Oct 30, 2026 · Updated Oct 30, 2026 · Version 6
This BPC-157 profile is compiled from published literature (5 cited studies linked above), public regulatory records and chemical registries. It describes what research reports; it is not medical advice, and nothing here is a dosing recommendation for humans. Peptide Library does not sell peptides. Editorial policy · How profiles are compiled · Report an error
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