--- title: "Pinealon" canonical_url: https://bestpeptidecalculator.app/library/pinealon description: "Glu-Asp-Arg tripeptide from the Khavinson pineal series, studied for neuroprotection in older literature. Not FDA-approved." updated: 2026-11-07 publisher: Peptide Library notice: "Research and educational use only. Not medical advice." --- # Pinealon Pinealon (also called Glu-Asp-Arg or EDR) is a khavinson pineal tripeptide in the Short Peptide Bioregulator class. Pinealon is Glu-Asp-Arg, a synthetic tripeptide in the Khavinson series associated with brain and pineal tissue. Glu-Asp-Arg tripeptide from the Khavinson pineal series, studied for neuroprotection in older literature. Not FDA-approved. Also known as: Glu-Asp-Arg, EDR, Pineal bioregulator. Categories: Cognitive, Longevity, Experimental. ## Classification - Type: Khavinson pineal tripeptide / research - Mechanism class: Short Peptide Bioregulator - Development stage: Research only - Regulatory class: Research compound, not FDA-approved ## Mechanism Pinealon is Glu-Asp-Arg, a synthetic tripeptide in the Khavinson series associated with brain and pineal tissue. It is among the more studied members of the series, with reports that it penetrates cell nuclei and influences expression of genes involved in antioxidant defence, and that it reduces markers of oxidative neuronal injury in models of hypoxia and prenatal stress. It has also been linked to normalisation of melatonin rhythm. The work originates largely from one group and is published mainly in Russian-language journals; large randomised trials have not been conducted and no receptor-mediated pathway has been demonstrated. Targets: CNS / pineal (proposed). Origin: Synthetic Glu-Asp-Arg. ## Properties - Sequence: Glu-Asp-Arg (EDR) - Molecular formula: C15H26N6O8 - Molecular weight: 450.41 g/mol - CAS number: 175337-90-3 - Half-life: Not established in humans ## Evidence - Evidence level: Insufficient Evidence - Highest documented: Early or uncontrolled human studies - Human trials: 1 - Controlled human trials: 0 - Preclinical sources: 0 - Latest source: 2012 No human dose is established for this compound. Each step shows whether the sources Peptide Library has reviewed include that kind of research. Counts are reviewed sources, not every study ever published. Reviews and programme summaries that describe human use are shown as "reported", not as trials, and registered trials without published results are listed but not counted. A higher step means research has progressed further; it does not mean a compound works better or is safer. Compounds whose evidence has not been reviewed yet show "Not reviewed" instead of a guess. ### Studies 1. The peptide correction of neurotic disorders among professional truck-drivers. Adv Gerontol. 2012. 2012. Human study (early or uncontrolled). Population: Male truck drivers, with metal craftsmen as a comparison group (n=300). Psychoemotional and stress-resistance measures; the best effect was reported for pinealon combined with vesugen [Source](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23734521/) ## Safety Side effects: Not well characterized. Risks: Research-only. Human safety basis: No controlled human safety data Key limitations: No established human dosage.; No controlled human trial results in the reviewed sources.; Not approved by the FDA for any use.. ## Regulatory status Pinealon is not an FDA-approved product. It is sold for laboratory research and has no approved medical use. - FDA status: Not Approved - Availability: Research-Only ## Frequently asked questions ### What is Pinealon? Glu-Asp-Arg tripeptide from the Khavinson pineal series, studied for neuroprotection in older literature. Not FDA-approved. ### What are the side effects of Pinealon? Pinealon has no controlled human safety data, so its side-effect profile is not well established. No specific adverse effects are well documented. This is reference information, not medical advice. ### How does Pinealon work? Pinealon is Glu-Asp-Arg, a synthetic tripeptide in the Khavinson series associated with brain and pineal tissue. It is among the more studied members of the series, with reports that it penetrates cell nuclei and influences expression of genes involved in antioxidant defence, and that it reduces markers of oxidative neuronal injury in models of hypoxia and prenatal stress. ### Is Pinealon FDA approved? No. Pinealon is not approved by the FDA for any indication and is categorised as research-only. It has not been reviewed for safety or efficacy as a medicine, and published research should be read as investigation rather than established use. ### What is the half-life of Pinealon? Reported half-life for Pinealon is Not established in humans. Half-life describes how long the compound persists in circulation, not how long any effect lasts, and published figures vary with route of administration, formulation and the population studied. ### What is the amino acid sequence of Pinealon? Pinealon has the sequence Glu-Asp-Arg (EDR), giving a chain of 3 amino acids. Its molecular formula is C15H26N6O8. ### What peptides are similar to Pinealon? Compounds most often compared with Pinealon include Epitalon, Klotho, FOXO4-DRI and NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide). They are grouped by shared mechanism or research area rather than by equivalence, and their regulatory status and evidence base differ. ## References - [Role of Mono- and Divalent Ions in Peptide Glu-Asp-Arg-DNA Interaction — J Phys Chem B, 2019](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30762356/) - [Therapeutic Peptides in Orthopaedics: Applications, Challenges, and Future Directions — J Am Acad Orthop Surg Glob Res Rev, 2026](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41490200/) - [\[Pinealon and Cortexin influence on behavior and neurochemical processes in 18-month aged rats within hypoxia and hypothermia\] — Adv Gerontol, 2015](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28509493/) - [\[Regulation of content of cytokines in blood serum and of caspase-3 activity in brains of old rats in model of sharp hypoxic hypoxia with Cortexin and Pinealon\] — Adv Gerontol, 2014](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25051764/) - [\[Prospects for use of short peptides in pharmacotherapeutic correction of Alzheimer's disease.\] — Adv Gerontol, 2024](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38944767/)